2 results
21 - Greece
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- By Kostas Mylonas, University of Athens, Aikaterini Gari, University of Athens, Artemis Giotsa, University of Athens, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, University of Athens, Penny Panagiotopoulou, University of Athens
- Edited by James Georgas, University of Athens, Greece, John W. Berry, Queen's University, Ontario, Fons J. R. van de Vijver, Katholieke Universiteit Brabant, The Netherlands, Çigdem Kagitçibasi, Koç University, Istanbul, Ype H. Poortinga, Universiteit van Tilburg, The Netherlands
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- Book:
- Families Across Cultures
- Published online:
- 10 December 2009
- Print publication:
- 03 August 2006, pp 344-352
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Summary
A HISTORICAL OUTLINE OF GREECE
Greece was established as an independent nation state in 1822, having rebelled against the Ottoman Empire. Its present-day population is approximately 10,500,000 inhabitants. Athens is the capital, with 4,500,000 inhabitants. Greece became a member of the European Union in 1981.
ECOLOGICAL FEATURES
Greece is in southeastern Europe, situated at the base of the Balkan peninsula, with mountains as its spine and hundreds of islands in the Aegean, Ionian, and Cretan seas, few fertile plains, and, even today, small isolated communities in the mountains and on the many islands, and relatively large cities on the plains and by the sea. Its climate is Mediterranean with hot and dry summers and mild winters.
ORGANIZATION AND INSTITUTIONS OF SOCIETY
Economic organization
The ecological features of Greece shaped specific types of subsistence patterns which remained unchanged for hundreds of years. The plains, essentially broad valleys between mountains, permitted some cultivation of crops. Cities, often located near the sea on the serrated coastline, became trading and mercantile centers. In the mountains, the herding of goats and sheep, and vine and olive oil cultivation were widely found. Fishing was the standard mode of subsistence in communities by the sea, together with merchant shipping. During the past 20 years, the traditional forms of subsistence patterns have given way to decreased agriculture (20 percent), increased industrialization (20 percent) and services (60 percent) primarily related to tourism.
7 - Results: cross-cultural analyses of the family
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- By Fons J. R. van de Vijver, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Kostas Mylonas, University of Athens, Athens, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, University of Athens, Athens, James Georgas, University of Athens, Athens
- Edited by James Georgas, University of Athens, Greece, John W. Berry, Queen's University, Ontario, Fons J. R. van de Vijver, Katholieke Universiteit Brabant, The Netherlands, Çigdem Kagitçibasi, Koç University, Istanbul, Ype H. Poortinga, Universiteit van Tilburg, The Netherlands
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- Book:
- Families Across Cultures
- Published online:
- 10 December 2009
- Print publication:
- 03 August 2006, pp 126-185
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Summary
This Chapter provides an overview of the cross-cultural data analyses. The Chapter is presented in seven parts. The first two involve the analyses of the psychometric properties of the instruments. “Equivalence and pooled factor Solutions” discusses the equivalence analyses, addressing the question of to what extent the instruments measure the same underlying constructs in each of the 27 countries. Having determined the equivalence (in a few cases leading to the elimination of a few items), we proceed with an analysis of the internal consistencies of the scales in each country in the section on “Internal consistency”. The next two sections address the issue of sample differences in the various groups, namely gender (see p. 142) and educational level of the parents (see p. 145). The question is whether any country differences in education and gender need to be controlled prior to the cross-cultural data analyses. The next two sections of the Chapter involve these cross-cultural data analyses. On pp. 147–58 we present an analysis of the size of cross-cultural differences in the various instruments employed. The exploratory nature of the data analyzes changes for a hypothesis-testing perspective on pp. 158–72. The hypotheses of Chapter 5 are tested here. A final section (pp. 172–85) presents an integration of results that are relevant to the hypotheses.
EQUIVALENCE AND POOLED FACTOR SOLUTIONS
A first necessary step in cross-cultural data analyses involves the question of to what extent the same construct(s) has been measured by an instrument in all cultural groups involved.